Re: First time user - basic question

[Jim Norton <jimnorton at jimnorton dot org>]

Hello Trevor,

Thank you for your reply. I noticed that I've got my cross compiler  
binaries built from crosstool-ng in  
~x-tools/arm-cortex_a8_blah_blah/bin.

So if I create some symlinks for gcc etc and set the path I can easily  
generate an executable for my ARM target by simply invoking gcc. Do I  
need to do anything else? What if I'm going to build a large package  
that comes with multiple Makefiles etc? It's easy enough to compile a  
single file. My question boils down to how do I use the cross-compiler  
( what needs to be setup ) to build larger packages - such as the  
kernel etc...

I just don't know what has to be set in the environment.

Regards,
Jim



----- Message from twoerner@gmail.com ---------
    Date: Tue, 15 Mar 2011 18:28:00 -0400
    From: Trevor Woerner <twoerner@gmail.com>
 Subject: Re: First time user - basic question
      To: Rahul Gauba <rahul_gauba@yahoo.com>
      Cc: Jim Norton <jimnorton@jimnorton.org>, crossgcc@sourceware.org


> On Sun, Mar 13, 2011 at 11:23 PM, Rahul Gauba <rahul_gauba@yahoo.com> wrote:
> > ? ? Not sure about the ct-ng project. But if you plan to use compiler,
> > libraries, include paths from the cross-chain tool, you need to:
>
> Your uncertainty about CT-NG specifically is noted :-)
>
> > 1 -- ?Modify the environment variable PATH such that gcc is invoked from the
> > cross-chain.
>
> ...unless you'd like to use the full path every time you invoke the
> compiler... :-)
>
> > 2 -- You should be using the shared libraries from cross-chain  
> > tool, so you need
> > to specify using -L<cross-chain-path> when linking. Your  
> > cross-chain build area
> > should have lib and usr/lib directories. So these need to specified with -L.
> > 3 -- Also the include path for C/C++ headers from the cross-chain should be
> > mentioned using -I<cross-chain include directories>.
>
> I'm quite sure the CT-NG project takes care of numbers 2 and 3 for you
> (maybe someone would like to confirm my understanding?). I had just
> recently asked these specific questions of Yann and that was the
> impression I got. I believe this is all because of the use of sysroot
> (is that correct Yann?).
>
> Specifically, if I compile a simple "hello.c" using my powerpc-405
> compiler built with CT-NG and add the "-v" option on the command line,
> GCC gets very verbose about exactly everything it is doing:
>
> $ powerpc-405-linux-gnu-gcc -v -o hello hello.c
> Using built-in specs.
> Target: powerpc-405-linux-gnu
> Configured with:
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/work-area/powerpc-405/targets/src/gcc-4.3.2/configure
> --build=x86_64-build_unknown-linux-gnu
> --host=x86_64-build_unknown-linux-gnu --target=powerpc-405-linux-gnu
> --prefix=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu
> --with-sysroot=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot
> --enable-languages=c --disable-multilib --with-cpu=405 --with-tune=405
> --with-float=soft --with-pkgversion=crosstool-NG-1.10.0
> --enable-__cxa_atexit --disable-libmudflap --disable-libgomp
> --disable-libssp
> --with-gmp=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/work-area/powerpc-405/targets/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/build/static
> --with-mpfr=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/work-area/powerpc-405/targets/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/build/static
> --enable-threads=posix --enable-target-optspace
> --with-local-prefix=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot
> --disable-nls --enable-symvers=gnu --enable-c99 --enable-long-long
> Thread model: posix
> gcc version 4.3.2 (crosstool-NG-1.10.0)
> COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'hello' '-mcpu=405' '-mtune=405' '-msoft-float'
>   
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/cc1
> -quiet -v -D__unix__ -D__gnu_linux__ -D__linux__ -Dunix -D__unix
> -Dlinux -D__linux -Asystem=linux -Asystem=unix -Asystem=posix hello.c
> -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -mcpu=405 -mtune=405 -msoft-float -auxbase
> hello -version -o /tmp/ccXXIIu6.s
> ignoring nonexistent directory
> "/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/include"
> ignoring nonexistent directory
> "/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/../../../../powerpc-405-linux-gnu/include"
> ignoring nonexistent directory "/home/trevor/local/include"
> #include "..." search starts here:
> #include <...> search starts here:
>   
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/include
>   
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/include-fixed
>   
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/include
> End of search list.
> GNU C (crosstool-NG-1.10.0) version 4.3.2 (powerpc-405-linux-gnu)
>         compiled by GNU C version 4.5.1 20101208 [gcc-4_5-branch
> revision 167585], GMP version 4.3.2, MPFR version 2.4.2-p2.
> GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=98 --param ggc-min-heapsize=127680
> Compiler executable checksum: b3ecde2a02c137bc92133d3e84fb9338
> COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'hello' '-mcpu=405' '-mtune=405' '-msoft-float'
>   
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/../../../../powerpc-405-linux-gnu/bin/as
> -m405 -many -V -Qy -o /tmp/ccPKBolR.o /tmp/ccXXIIu6.s
> GNU assembler version 2.19.1 (powerpc-405-linux-gnu) using BFD version
> (GNU Binutils) 2.19.1
> COMPILER_PATH=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/../../../../powerpc-405-linux-gnu/bin/
> LIBRARY_PATH=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/:/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/
> COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'hello' '-mcpu=405' '-mtune=405' '-msoft-float'
>   
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/libexec/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/collect2
> --sysroot=/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot
> --eh-frame-hdr -V -Qy -m elf32ppclinux -dynamic-linker /lib/ld.so.1 -o
> hello  
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/crt1.o
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/crti.o
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/crtbegin.o
> -L/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2
> -L/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib
> -L/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib
> /tmp/ccPKBolR.o -lgcc --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed -lc -lgcc
> --as-needed -lgcc_s --no-as-needed
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/crtsavres.o
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/crtend.o
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib/crtn.o
> GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.19.1
>   Supported emulations:
>    elf32ppclinux
>    elf32ppc
>    elf32ppcsim
>
> If you look closely at the output you'll notice:
>
>     #include "..." search starts here:
>     #include <...> search starts here:
>       
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/include
>       
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2/include-fixed
>       
> /home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/include
>     End of search list.
>
> Specifically, the #include "" and #include <> paths do not include the
> system include locations, just the cross locations.
>
> Then later the collect2 phase:
>
>          
> -L/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/lib/gcc/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/4.3.2
>          
> -L/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib
>          
> -L/home/trevor/devel/ct-ng/1.10.0/x-tools/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/powerpc-405-linux-gnu/sysroot/usr/lib
>
> so the final linking is taking place using the cross library locations.
>
> So when using CT-NG you don't need to use fancy "-L" and "-I" logic to
> get your Makefiles correct. Just using the steps I mentioned before
> should suffice.
>
> --
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