commit 01fdca26b9c6ff8250c0ba60825d991f104511dd Author: Brian Clifton Date: Sun Apr 24 09:51:49 2016 -0700 Updated most urls from http to https. Tested each one manually and updated the url if it redirected to a new location. Also fixed XSS issue with navbar.html (it tries to use an inline style, but is rendered via SSI, which is not allowed). This commit also converts all "https://cygwin.com/" urls to relative links "/" diff --git a/acronyms/index.html b/acronyms/index.html index f463904..19b8265 100755 --- a/acronyms/index.html +++ b/acronyms/index.html @@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ mailing lists. Some are well-known (such as IMHO and FAQ), others less so (such as HTH). Some were invented on this list, and are so fresh, they haven't even been cached by -Google yet. This document should present +Google yet. This document should present most acronyms you're likely to find on the Cygwin mailing lists, with an explanation and a brief history for some. Note that this is not intended to be an all-inclusive list of all possible acronyms. If you can't find the acronym you're looking for here, try another acronym resource, like The Canonical Acronym -List or AcronymFinder.com. +List or AcronymFinder.com.

The OLOCA

@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ As Far As I Recall APPS Application Packaging Problems & Solutions. As opposed to bug reports. -Inspired by +Inspired by Gerrit P. Haase as a mnemonic for the purpose of the -cygwin-apps mailing +cygwin-apps mailing list @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ At The Moment Are You Sure? Can also mean "Are You Serious?". -First used +First used on the list by Dave Korn @@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ on the list by Dave Korn BLODA Big List Of Dodgy Apps. -A list +A list of applications that interfere with the normal working of Cygwin by intrusively injecting themselves in the system call chain. -First used +First used on the list by Dave Korn. @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ Bastard Operator From Hell. A nasty character from a us a whole load of fun and a bunch of widely used terminology (e.g., "luser"). The original epitome of meanness. Currently at BOFHweb. -First used +First used on the list by Alejandro Lopez-Valencia. See also BWAM @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Blue Screen Of Death. Not Cygwin's fault! BTDT Been There, Done That. -First used on the +First used on the list by Andrew DeFaria @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Because We Are Mean™. A variation of WJM used in answering the "Why isn't something working the way I think it should be?" type of question. Follows the MSFTEU Cygwin philosophy. -First used +First used on the list by Sam Edge @@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ on the list by Sam Edge Cygwin Apache MySQL PHP [Framework]. The one that's been "coming soon to a mirror near you"™ for almost two years now. -Coined +Coined by Stipe Tolj. -
Correction: +
Correction: make that five years! @@ -167,14 +167,14 @@ Clearly Less Intimidating. Also "Command Line Interface" CTDW Cygwin Technical Documentation Writer. -*Ubersexy* +*Ubersexy* CYA Cover Your Ass. -First used on the +First used on the list by Thomas L. Roche @@ -184,21 +184,21 @@ list by Thomas L. Roche Multiple variants have been suggested, take your pick: @@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ Multiple variants have been suggested, take your pick: CYNUX CYgwin's Not UniX. Pronounced "cynics". -First suggested +First suggested by Cliff Hones; -resurfaced in +resurfaced in its present form in a post by Linda Walsh. Pronounciation -suggested by, +suggested by, well, me, and don't you dare dispute it! @@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ well, me, and don't you dare dispute it! DTRT Do The Right Thing. Always a worthy goal... -First used +First used on the list by Jani Tiainen @@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ on the list by Jani Tiainen Excuse My Butting In. Anyone with sense enough to say this is usually excused... -First used +First used on the list by Bas van Gompel. See also IMHO @@ -236,15 +236,15 @@ See also IMHO FAQ Frequently Asked Questions. When written as "The FAQ", refers to the -Cygwin FAQ +Cygwin FAQ FTR For The Record. Should be found in the -Cygwin mailing list archives. -Introduced by +Cygwin mailing list archives. +Introduced by Corinna Vinschen @@ -252,9 +252,9 @@ Corinna Vinschen FUCS Fast User Context Switching. A feature of Windows XP that -fouled up +fouled up the older versions of the cygipc unofficial package. -Introduced by +Introduced by Frank Seesink @@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ Frank Seesink FWICS From What I Can See... -First used on the +First used on the list by Earnie Boyd @@ -292,10 +292,10 @@ Could become the next swear word. GTG Good To Go. Used mostly on the -cygwin-apps mailing +cygwin-apps mailing list to indicate that a package is ready to be included in the Cygwin distribution. -Coined +Coined by Daniel Reed @@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ Hope This Helps IAFNAB It's A Feature, Not A Bug. -Coined +Coined by Shankar Unni @@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ by Shankar Unni I Am Not A Cygwin Expert. Usually an admission on the part of a person who is well on the way to becoming one. -Coined +Coined by David Rothenberger @@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ by David Rothenberger IANAL I Am Not A Lawyer. Appears often in GPL discussions. -You may safely +You may safely ignore anyone making this statement (YANALATEYHSMBSI) @@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ When things go BANG! in gcc... IDTYRMTST I Don't Think You Really Meant To Say That. -First used +First used on the list by Dave Korn. A milder form of YOWTWYWT @@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ If I Understand Correctly In My Arrogant Opinion. A stronger form of IMNSHO, rarely used. -First used +First used on the list by Alejandro Lopez-Valencia. See also BOFH @@ -399,11 +399,11 @@ In Other Words ITA Inten[d|t] To Adopt. -Used on the cygwin-apps +Used on the cygwin-apps mailing list to indicate the intent to adopt an orphaned package already in the Cygwin distribution. Usually followed by the package name. Adopting a package gets an -automatic +automatic gold star. See also ITP @@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ See also ITP ITIYM I Take It You Mean... -First used on the list +First used on the list by Michel Bardiaux @@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ by Michel Bardiaux ITP Inten[d|t] To Package. -Used on the cygwin-apps +Used on the cygwin-apps mailing list to indicate the intent to provide a new package. Usually followed by the package name. See also ITA @@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ height=18 border=0 align=top>) or :-) () emoticons.
Frankly, I thought it was universal, but then Gareth -complained +complained that it wasn't in the OLOCA, so here it is. Enjoy! @@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ that it wasn't in the OLOCA, so here it is. Enjoy! JAT Just A Thought. -First used on +First used on the list by Ronald Landheer-Cieslak. See also JTYMLTK @@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ See also JTYMLTK JTYMLTK Just Thought You Might Like To Know. -First used on the +First used on the list by Ronald Landheer-Cieslak. See also JAT @@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ Luser Attitude Readjustment Tool. Usually consists of a large billet of wood usable as a club, in the hands of a rather angry system administrator. When missing either component, an RTFM or STFW message would work almost as well. -First used on the +First used on the list (in a very appropriately numbered message) by Rafael Kitover @@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ Laughing Out Loud. A rare treat, mostly in OT messages. MSFTEU Maximum Surprise For The End User. The Cygwin philosophy. -Coined by +Coined by Christopher Faylor. Very appropriate, as Cygwin runs on Microsoft Windows™. See also BWAM and WJM @@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ No Problem. Really... OLOCA Official List of Cygwin Acronyms. This document. -Coined by +Coined by Igor Pechtchanski. Guess we're stuck with it now... See below for the acronym inclusion policy @@ -535,7 +535,7 @@ constructing the OLOCA. OT Off-Topic. Anything not belonging on the list according to the -Cygwin mailing lists description, +Cygwin mailing lists description, like non-Cygwin software, jokes or discussing acronyms. Hey, wait a minute!.. See also TITTTL @@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ decoding even the simplest anti-spam measures such as replacing "@" with "AT" and "." with "DOT").
Of course, there may be other raw e-mail addresses in messages, e.g., in signatures, but that's the choice of the person sending the message.
-Coined by +Coined by Igor Pechtchanski. @@ -575,14 +575,14 @@ lo-ong line in the web archives. Very annoying to have to scroll left and right as well as up and down. Please be considerate!
Also, some MTAs simply truncate long lines at 998 characters (the maximum -allowed by RFC2821 and -RFC2822) instead of +allowed by RFC2821 and +RFC2822) instead of wrapping them, so information in your message may actually be lost if your mailer doesn't wrap lines or encode line continuations properly.
Note that this does not apply to cases where the lines do need to be long, e.g., program output included verbatim, or patches. In those cases it's ok to have long lines.
-Coined by +Coined by Igor Pechtchanski. @@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ Patches Gratefully Accepted. See also PTC. See also PMI Pardon My Ignorance. -First used on +First used on the list by David Rayner (ZZapper). See also WTF @@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ See also WTF Plain Outta Luck. Like when trying to run a Linux or Solaris binary on Cygwin. -First used on +First used on the list by Michel Bardiaux. See also YOWTWYWT @@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ not only gives access to more expertise than any one person can provide, but also ensures that the questions and answers are archived on the web for future enlightenment seekers. Besides, the Cygwin community netiquette sez so. Pronounced "Pee-Pee-Yows-Pee". -Suggested by +Suggested by Carlo Florendo @@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ See also SHTDI RFU Request For Upload. -Used on the cygwin-apps +Used on the cygwin-apps mailing list by package maintainers to indicate that a new version of a package is available for upload into the Cygwin distribution. Usually followed by the package name @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ Sorry, Could Not Resist Somebody Has To Do It™. Are you volunteering? -Introduced by +Introduced by Christopher Faylor. See also PTC @@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ See also PTC STC Simple Test Case. -First used on +First used on the list by Ronald Landheer-Cieslak. @@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ the list by Ronald Landheer-Cieslak. Search The Web. A younger cousin of RTFM. The usual answer to "What's blah?". Most often refers to -the Google search engine. +the Google search engine. The "F" means the same as in RTFM. See also LART @@ -725,11 +725,11 @@ A common misspelling of TITTTL. TITTTL Take It To The Talk List. -This refers to the cygwin-talk mailing list, where no message is off-topic. +This refers to the cygwin-talk mailing list, where no message is off-topic. Pronounced "Tittle" -(try not +(try not to snicker). -First used on +First used on the list by Dave Korn. See also OT and TITTL @@ -745,7 +745,7 @@ Three Letter Acronym. Not necessarily three letters long TMI Too Much Information. As in "TMI mode". -First used on +First used on the list by Christopher Faylor @@ -754,7 +754,7 @@ the list by Christopher Faylor There's More Than One Way To Do It. Technically a Perl motto, but applies equally well to Cygwin. -First used on +First used on the list by Soren Andersen @@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ from Corinna Vinschen The Problem is Being Addressed. Kind of like "The check is in the mail", but more honest, or at least verifiable. -Introduced by +Introduced by Christopher Faylor @@ -783,7 +783,7 @@ Christopher Faylor TTBOMK To The Best Of My Knowledge. -First used +First used on the list by Soren Andersen @@ -797,14 +797,14 @@ To Tell The Truth. I got dibs on that one (the acronym, that is)! UG User's Guide. Most often refers to the -Cygwin User's Guide +Cygwin User's Guide WADR With All Due Respect. -First used on the +First used on the list by Yitzchak Scott-Thoennes @@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ Wild-Assed Guess. Usually correct for certain people WCTS Without Consulting The Source. -First used +First used on the list by Daniel Reed. See also WAG @@ -836,7 +836,7 @@ for extra emphasis) Works Just Fine For Me. As in "Nope, can't reproduce this here". Yet another way of saying "We're Just Frighteningly Freaking Mean" (or insert your favorite F-words here). -First used on the +First used on the list by Christopher Faylor. Also IWFM and WFM @@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ See also BWAM WIBGI Wouldn't It Be Great If... -First used on the +First used on the list by Ronald Landheer-Cieslak @@ -863,8 +863,8 @@ Who or What, depending on the context. Usually implies a question mark. The "TF" is really padding, to make this a three-letter acronym, meaning something like "pray tell".
Also the name of a very useful -Cygwin -package +Cygwin +package @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ Yet Another or Yet Again, depending on its position in the sentence YAMWHTLT Yet Another Maintainer Who Has Too Little Time. That's -not Matthias +not Matthias Andree. @@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ Andree. You Are Not A Lawyer, And Therefore Everything You Have Said May Be Safely Ignored. Born out of a heated GPL discussion. Acronym -proposed by +proposed by Chuck Wilson. A new standard response to IANAL. Don't try to pronounce it. Just... don't @@ -904,9 +904,9 @@ at your own risk" You Obviously Weren't Thinking When You Wrote That. Pronounced "Yow-twit". Applies a lot on this list. -Coined by +Coined by Max Bowsher. Pronounciation -suggested by +suggested by Randall R. Schulz and hasn't been disputed yet. See also IDTYRMTST @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ See also IDTYRMTST You Should Have Finished Reading The Thread. Please do read the whole thread before replying. The lists produce enough bandwidth even without the same point being reiterated in the same thread. -Coined by +Coined by Christopher Faylor @@ -926,9 +926,9 @@ Christopher Faylor 3rd Party Perverts. People making others' lives difficult by using Cygwin in weird ways and having their products depend on that. -Acronym coined +Acronym coined by Christopher Faylor, after a -phrase in +phrase in Brian Dessent's message diff --git a/bugs.html b/bugs.html index ce505ff..3d7ad98 100755 --- a/bugs.html +++ b/bugs.html @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ in your best interests to do some initial research.

First, you need to verify that your potential problem hasn't already been reported by reading the Cygwin FAQ and the mailing list archives. If your +href="/ml/cygwin/">mailing list archives. If your issue is still unresolved, feel free to write to the cygwin list with your problem. diff --git a/cgi-bin2/package-grep-sh.cgi b/cgi-bin2/package-grep-sh.cgi index dd2560f..8eacd58 100755 --- a/cgi-bin2/package-grep-sh.cgi +++ b/cgi-bin2/package-grep-sh.cgi @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" echo '

Cygwin Package Search

Search package contents for a regular expression pattern, -or view the full list of packages
+or view the full list of packages

' echo 'Cygwin Package Search Search package contents for a -grep -basic -regular expression -pattern, or view the full list +grep +basic +regular expression +pattern, or view the full list of packages

' diff --git a/contrib.html b/contrib.html index 375ba3a..931b36f 100755 --- a/contrib.html +++ b/contrib.html @@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ the donations page.

Two other important cygwin components are also not covered by the guidelines set forth on this page. The cygwin setup utility "setup.exe" and -the newlib library (used by +href="https://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html">"setup.exe" and +the newlib library (used by cygwin for some common "libc"-like functions) also have different contribution rules. See their project pages for more information.

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ duplicated. make sure that you adhere to the brace, indentation, and whitespace style of the surrounding code. For the most part, that means following the - + GNU coding standards but some parts of the code which have been imported from other sources use other styles. Just pay close attention to the formatting of the surrounding code and don't, e.g., add K&R style coding @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ then do the following in bash:

it easy for someone to review and, if you don't have write access, push. Give them a final once-over. Ideally you include a ChangeLog entry in old CVS style in your description. If you have never used a ChangeLog before, refer to the -GNU ChangeLog Standards. If you're satisfied with the patch and the log message, +GNU ChangeLog Standards. If you're satisfied with the patch and the log message, send the patches as they got created by git format-patch. The git send-email command will usually do the right thing:

diff --git a/cygwin-ug-net/cygcheck.html b/cygwin-ug-net/cygcheck.html index 12d5403..d572f48 100644 --- a/cygwin-ug-net/cygcheck.html +++ b/cygwin-ug-net/cygcheck.html @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ $ cygcheck -l less package names, package descriptions, and path/filenames of the contents of packages. This feature requires an active internet connection, since it must query the cygwin.com web site. In fact, it is - equivalent to the search that is available on the Cygwin package listing + equivalent to the search that is available on the Cygwin package listing page.

For example, perhaps you are getting an error because you are missing a certain DLL and you want to know which package includes that file:

Example 3.4. Searching all packages for a diff --git a/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html b/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html index b4aff4d..cace301 100644 --- a/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html +++ b/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html @@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ style ACLs and accompanying function calls are also supported. The chmod call maps UNIX-style permissions back to the Win32 equivalents. Because many programs expect to be able to find the /etc/passwd and -/etc/group files, we provide utilities +/etc/group files, we provide utilities that can be used to construct them from the user and group information provided by the operating system.

Users with Administrator rights are permitted to chown files. With version 1.1.3 Cygwin introduced a mechanism for setting real and @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ interferes with a proper fork, and if an unmovable object (process heap or system dll) ends up at the wrong location, Cygwin can do nothing to compensate (though it will retry a few times automatically).

  • DLL injection by - + BLODA. Badly-behaved applications which inject dlls into other processes often manage to clobber important sections of the child's address space, leading to base address diff --git a/cygwin-ug-net/ov-ex-unix.html b/cygwin-ug-net/ov-ex-unix.html index 8ec3ece..2d95eb0 100644 --- a/cygwin-ug-net/ov-ex-unix.html +++ b/cygwin-ug-net/ov-ex-unix.html @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ By default, setup.exe only install packages. Add any other packages by clicking on the + next to the Category name and selecting the package from the displayed list. You may search for specfic tools by using the -Setup Package Search +Setup Package Search at the Cygwin web site.

    After installation, you can find Cygwin-specific documentation in diff --git a/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html b/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html index 8c3034a..49fa071 100644 --- a/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html +++ b/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ -Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin

    Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin
    Prev   Next

    Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin

    Table of Contents

    Internet Setup
    Download Source
    Selecting an Install Directory
    Local Package Directory
    Connection Method
    Choosing Mirrors
    Choosing Packages
    Download and Installation Progress
    Shortcuts
    Post-Install Scripts
    Troubleshooting
    Environment Variables
    Overview
    Restricted Win32 environment
    Changing Cygwin's Maximum Memory
    Internationalization
    Overview
    How to set the locale
    The Windows Console character set
    Potential Problems when using Locales
    List of supported character sets
    Customizing bash

    Internet Setup

    To install the Cygwin net release, go to https://cygwin.com/ and run either -setup-x86.exe +Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin

    Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin
    Prev   Next

    Chapter 2. Setting Up Cygwin

    Table of Contents

    Internet Setup
    Download Source
    Selecting an Install Directory
    Local Package Directory
    Connection Method
    Choosing Mirrors
    Choosing Packages
    Download and Installation Progress
    Shortcuts
    Post-Install Scripts
    Troubleshooting
    Environment Variables
    Overview
    Restricted Win32 environment
    Changing Cygwin's Maximum Memory
    Internationalization
    Overview
    How to set the locale
    The Windows Console character set
    Potential Problems when using Locales
    List of supported character sets
    Customizing bash

    Internet Setup

    To install the Cygwin net release, go to https://cygwin.com/ and run either +setup-x86.exe to install the 32 bit version of Cygwin, or -setup-x86_64.exe +setup-x86_64.exe to install the 64 bit version of Cygwin. This will download a GUI installer which can be run to download a complete cygwin installation via the internet. Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin. @@ -11,9 +11,9 @@ via the internet. Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin. For easier reading the installer is called setup.exe throughout the following sections. This refers likewise to both installer applications, -setup-x86.exe +setup-x86.exe for 32 bit, as well as -setup-x86_64.exe +setup-x86_64.exe for 64 bit. Apart from the target architecture they are the same thing.

    @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ most installations, you can get a working minimal Cygwin environment installed by simply clicking the Next button at each page. The only exception to this is choosing a Cygwin mirror, which you can choose by experimenting with those listed at -https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html. For more details about each of page of the +https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html. For more details about each of page of the setup.exe installation, read on below. Please note that this guide assumes that you have a basic understanding of Unix (or a Unix-like OS). If you are new to Unix, you will also want @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ authorization for proxy servers. Since there is no way of knowing from where you will be downloading Cygwin, you need to choose at least one mirror site. Cygwin mirrors are geographically distributed around the world; check the list at -https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html +https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html to find one near you. You can select multiple mirrors by holding down CTRL and clicking on each one. If you have the URL of an unlisted mirror (for example, if your organization has an internal Cygwin @@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ Last of all, setup.exe will run an scripts to finish correctly setting up installed packages. Since each script is run separately, several windows may pop up. If you are interested in what is being done, see the Cygwin Package Contributor's -Guide at https://cygwin.com/setup.html +Guide at https://cygwin.com/setup.html When the last post-install script is completed, setup.exe will display a box announcing the completion. A few packages, such as the OpenSSH server, require some manual site-specific configuration. @@ -210,6 +210,6 @@ HTTP instead of FTP). If you notice something is not working after running setup, you can check the setup.exe log file at /var/log/setup.log.full. Make a backup of this file before running setup.exe again, and follow the -steps for Reporting +steps for Reporting Problems with Cygwin.

    Prev   Next
    What's new and what changed in Cygwin Home Environment Variables
    diff --git a/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html b/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html index 071c5dd..d9a4cab 100644 --- a/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html +++ b/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ by prefixing with no.

    foreign applications which try to inject threads into a Cygwin process, or which redirect system sockets by providing an enforced so-called Layered Service Provider. This may or may not help to -detect +detect BLODAs. Don't use this option for day-to-day usage, it will slow down every thread and socket creation!

  • (no)dosfilewarning - If set, Cygwin will warn the first time a user uses an "MS-DOS" style path name rather than a POSIX-style diff --git a/docs.html b/docs.html index 45524b9..ad40f91 100755 --- a/docs.html +++ b/docs.html @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ profile the Cygwin DLL.

    Information on building and using DLLs is here.

    Also note that there is quite a lot of useful information in the -project mailing list +project mailing list archives.

    • diff --git a/donations.html b/donations.html index 81aee63..1b7e813 100755 --- a/donations.html +++ b/donations.html @@ -16,12 +16,12 @@

    A: Yes, it is. You get to use the software for free. The only "strings attached" are that, in general, you must comply with the terms of the GNU General Public +href="https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License.

    However, the fact that you can get the software for free doesn't mean that there is no cost to the people involved in producing it for you. The -people who bring you the packages +people who bring you the packages in the Cygwin distribution have often invested a considerable amount of their personal time into the providing you with the best possible Cygwin experience. This is particularly true of the people @@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ name="submit" alt="Make payments with PayPal - it's fast, free and secure!">

    Promotional Codes made a donation (06-May-16)

    Website builder reviews made a donation (26-Apr-16)

    top7bestwebhosting.com made a donation (21-Apr-16) -

    Chhabra Law Firm says "Thank you to you and the numerous volunteers who have maintained this project over all these years." (03-Apr-16) +

    Chhabra Law Firm says "Thank you to you and the numerous volunteers who have maintained this project over all these years." (03-Apr-16)

    Expert Golf Picks says "Thank you very much and keep up the good work!" (18-Mar-16)

    Psychics4Today.com made a donation (17-Mar-16)

    Maryland Search made a donation (16-Mar-16)

    Binary Option Robot Info made a donation (14-Mar-16) -

    SpaceCityDrones.com says "Keep up the good work" (22-Feb-16) +

    SpaceCityDrones.com says "Keep up the good work" (22-Feb-16)

    delayed flight compensation made a donation (15-Feb-16)

    CafeCredit says "Please keep Cygwin alive. Your commitment and hard work is appreciated by the Linux community. Thank you!" (02-Feb-16)

    top5hosting.co.uk made a donation (25-Jan-16) @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ name="submit" alt="Make payments with PayPal - it's fast, free and secure!">

    TShowBox made a donation (24-Dec-15)

    Criminal Defense Attorney made a donation (15-Dec-15)

    ABC Printables Thank you for the great work you do! (28-Nov-15) -

    Apps Free For PC made a donation. (23-Nov-15) +

    Apps Free For PC made a donation. (23-Nov-15)

    RoadRunner Auto Transport made a donation. (21-Nov-15)

    Best Reviews Hub says "Thank you very much." (01-Nov-15)

    Help desk software made a donation. (23-Oct-15) @@ -174,9 +174,9 @@ name="submit" alt="Make payments with PayPal - it's fast, free and secure!">

    Low Budget Movers made a donation. (03-Mar-15)

    Houston Home Security Companies made a donation. (01-Mar-15)

    Hostgator Coupon Bayou made a donation. (23-Feb-15) -

    Discountrue made a donation. (14-Feb-15) +

    Discountrue made a donation. (14-Feb-15)

    PSB Car Accident Attorneys made a donation. (28-Jan-15) -

    Modern Living Real Estate made a donation. (15-Dec-14) +

    Modern Living Real Estate made a donation. (15-Dec-14)

    iHerb coupon made a donation. (23-Oct-14)

    Younique Mascara by Kristen made a donation. (22-Sep-14)

    Sprüche & Wünsche appreciate this great project! (12-Sep-14) @@ -184,11 +184,11 @@ name="submit" alt="Make payments with PayPal - it's fast, free and secure!">

    CompareKing.no (Lån uten sikkerhet) Keep up the good work! (31-Aug-14)

    The Boss - SEO made a donation. (30-Aug-14)

    Sim Only Vergelijken Keep up the good work. (15-Aug-14) -

    www.beardbrand.com made a donation. (13-Aug-14) -

    www.yourcontacts.com.au made a donation. (9-Aug-14) +

    www.beardbrand.com made a donation. (13-Aug-14) +

    www.yourcontacts.com.au made a donation. (9-Aug-14)

    new free books made a donation. (19-Jul-14)

    Bankruptcy Well done on the hard work! (14-Jul-14) -

    www.digitalexits.com made a donation. (19-Jun-14) +

    www.digitalexits.com made a donation. (19-Jun-14)

    www.valuator.com.au made a donation. (17-Jun-14)

    Web Hosting Coupon Codes made a donation. (4-Jun-14)

    Couponcoder.org made a donation. (13-May-14) diff --git a/faq/faq.html b/faq/faq.html index 6318b9d..75a5cdd 100644 --- a/faq/faq.html +++ b/faq/faq.html @@ -33,15 +33,15 @@ version of course only on 64 bit Windows. supports. Because of this, Cygwin will behave differently, and exhibit different limitations, on the various versions of Windows.

    1.3.

    Where can I get it?

    The home page for the Cygwin project is -https://cygwin.com/. +https://cygwin.com/. There you should find everything you need for Cygwin, including links for download and setup, a current list of mirror sites, a User's Guide, an API Reference, mailing lists and archives.

    You can find documentation for the individual GNU tools typically as man pages or info pages as part of the Cygwin net distribution. Additionally you can get the latest docs at -http://www.gnu.org/manual/. (You should read GNU manuals from a -local mirror. Check http://www.gnu.org/server/list-mirrors.html +https://www.gnu.org/manual/. (You should read GNU manuals from a +local mirror. Check https://www.gnu.org/server/mirror.html for a list of them.)

    1.4.

    Is it free software?

    Yes. Parts are GNU software (gcc, gas, ld, etc...), parts are covered by the standard X11 license, some of it is public domain, some of @@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ these tools.

    In particular, if you intend to port a proprietary (non-GPL'd) application using Cygwin, you will need the proprietary-use license for the Cygwin library. This is available for purchase from Red Hat; -please visit https://cygwin.com/licensing.html for more +please visit https://cygwin.com/licensing.html for more information. All other questions should be sent to the public project mailing list cygwin@cygwin.com.

    Note that when we say "free" we mean freedom, not price. The goal of @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ freedoms, so it is free software.

    1.5.

    What version of Cygwin is this, anyway?

    To find the version of the Cygwin DLL installed, you can use uname as on Linux or cygcheck. Refer to each command's --help output and the -Cygwin User's Guide +Cygwin User's Guide for more information.

    If you are looking for the version number for the whole Cygwin release, there is none. Each package in the Cygwin release has its own @@ -73,11 +73,11 @@ the efforts of net volunteers who maintain the Cygwin binary ports. Each package has its own version numbers and its own release process.

    So, how do you get the most up-to-date version of Cygwin? Easy. Just download the Cygwin Setup program by following the instructions -here. +here. The setup program will handle the task of updating the packages on your system to the latest version. For more information about using Cygwin's setup.exe, see -Setting Up Cygwin +Setting Up Cygwin in the Cygwin User's Guide.

    1.6.

    Who's behind the project?

    (Please note that if you have cygwin-specific questions, all of these people will appreciate it if you use the cygwin @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ of related packages.

    The packages in the Net release are maintained by a large group of people; a complete list can be found -here. +here.

    Please note that all of us working on Cygwin try to be as responsive as possible and deal with patches and questions as we get them, but realistically we don't have time to answer all of the email that is sent to the main mailing @@ -109,14 +109,14 @@ installer setup-*.exe. It is flex You can pick and choose the packages you wish to install, and update them individually. Full source code is available for all packages and tools. More information on using Cygwin Setup may be found at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-net.html.

    If you do it any other way, you're on your own! If something doesn't work right for you, and it's not covered here or in the latest development snapshot at -https://cygwin.com/snapshots/, then by all means report it to the +https://cygwin.com/snapshots/, then by all means report it to the mailing list.

    For a searchable list of packages that can be installed with Cygwin, -see https://cygwin.com/packages/. +see https://cygwin.com/packages/.

    2.2.

    What about an automated Cygwin installation?

    The Cygwin Setup program is designed to be interactive, but there are a few different ways to automate it. If you are deploying to multiple systems, the best way is to run through a full installation once, saving the entire @@ -128,8 +128,8 @@ package tree is in x:\cygwin-local\ (see the next F an explanation of those options.)

    For other options, search the mailing lists with terms such as -cygwin automated setup or -automated cygwin install. +cygwin automated setup or +automated cygwin install.

    2.3.

    Does Setup accept command-line arguments?

    Yes, the full listing is written to the setup.log file when you run setup-x86.exe --help or setup-x86_64.exe --help. The current options are: @@ -196,10 +196,10 @@ now.)

    2.6.

    Can I use Cygwin Setup to get old versions of packages (like gcc-2.95)?

    Cygwin Setup can be used to install any packages that are on a Cygwin mirror, which usually includes one version previous to the current one. The complete list may be searched at -https://cygwin.com/packages/. There is no complete archive of +https://cygwin.com/packages/. There is no complete archive of older packages. If you have a problem with the current version of a Cygwin package, please report it to the mailing list using the -guidelines at https://cygwin.com/problems.html. +guidelines at https://cygwin.com/problems.html.

    That said, if you really need an older package, you may be able to find an outdated or archival mirror by searching the web for an old package version (for example, gcc2-2.95.3-10-src.tar.bz2), but keep in @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ The Cygwin public key is protected from attacker subversion during transmission by the previous step, and this public key is then used to protect all later steps. You can confirm that the key is in setup by looking at the setup project -(http://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html) +(https://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html) source code file cyg-pubkey.h (the key is automatically generated from file cygwin.pub).

  • The setup program downloads @@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ the setup program setup-x86.exe (32-bit) or setup-x86_64.exe (64-bit), and then check its signature (using a signature-checking tool you trust) using the Cygwin public key -(https://cygwin.com/key/pubring.asc). +(https://cygwin.com/key/pubring.asc). This was noted on the front page for installing and updating.

    If you use the actual Cygwin public key, and have an existing secure @@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ We also provide automatic mechanisms do not want to perform the signature checking on the setup program itself. Once the correct setup program is running, it will counter other attacks as described in -https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.setup.install-security. +https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.setup.install-security.

    2.9.

    Is Cygwin Setup, or one of the packages, infected with a virus?

    Unlikely. Unless you can confirm it, please don't report it to the mailing list. Anti-virus products have been known to detect false positives when extracting compressed tar archives. If this causes @@ -314,19 +314,19 @@ disk if you are paranoid.

    • This should be safe, but only if Cygwin Setup is not substituted by something malicious. See also -https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.setup.install-security +https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.setup.install-security for a description of how the Cygwin project counters man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. -

    See also https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.bloda +

    See also https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.bloda for a list of applications that have been known, at one time or another, to interfere with the normal functioning of Cygwin.

    2.11.

    What packages should I download? Where are 'make', 'gcc', 'vi', etc?

    When using Cygwin Setup for the first time, the default is to install a minimal subset of all available packages. If you want anything beyond that, you will have to select it explicitly. See -https://cygwin.com/packages/ for a searchable list of available +https://cygwin.com/packages/ for a searchable list of available packages, or use cygcheck -p as described in the Cygwin User's Guide at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#cygcheck. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#cygcheck.

    If you want to build programs, of course you'll need gcc, binutils, make and probably other packages from the ``Devel'' category. Text editors can be found under ``Editors''. @@ -379,9 +379,9 @@ at /var/log/setup.log.

    2.15.

    What if setup fails?

    First, make sure that you are using the latest version of Cygwin Setup. The latest version is always available from the Cygwin Home Page at -https://cygwin.com/. +https://cygwin.com/.

    If you are downloading from the Internet, setup will fail if it cannot -download the list of mirrors at https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html. +download the list of mirrors at https://cygwin.com/mirrors.html. It could be that the network is too busy. Something similar could be the cause of a download site not working. Try another mirror, or try again later. @@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ translated to POSIX form. returned by getent passwd. If you want to learn how this field is set by Cygwin and how you can change it, this is explained in great detail in the Cygwin User's Guide at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html.

    When using Cygwin from a network login (via ssh for instance), HOME is always taken from the passwd entry.

    If your HOME is set to a value such as /cygdrive/c, @@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ well.

    2.20.

    How do I uninstall all of Cygwin?

    Setup has no automatic uninstall facility. The recommended method to remove all of Cygwin is as follows:

    1. If you have any Cygwin services running, remove by repeating -the instructions in https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.setup.uninstall-service for +the instructions in https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.setup.uninstall-service for all services that you installed. Common services that might have been installed are sshd, cron, cygserver, inetd, apache, @@ -456,10 +456,10 @@ installed are sshd, cronmount -m as described at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#mount. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#mount.

    2. If you installed cyglsa.dll by running the shell script /usr/bin/cyglsa-config as described in -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html, then you need to +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html, then you need to configure Windows to stop using the LSA authentication package. You do so by editing the registry and restoring /HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Control/Lsa/Authentication Packages @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ bugfix that you need to try, and you are willing to deal with any problems, or at the request of a Cygwin developer.

      You cannot use Cygwin Setup to install a snapshot.

      First, you will need to download the snapshot from the snapshots -page at https://cygwin.com/snapshots/. Note the directory where +page at https://cygwin.com/snapshots/. Note the directory where you saved the snapshot tarball.

      Before installing a snapshot, you must first Close all Cygwin applications, including shells and services (e.g., inetd, sshd). @@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ to C:\cygwin\bin\cygwin1.dll (assuming you installe

      The operative word in trying the snapshots is "trying". If you notice a problem with the snapshot that was not present in the release DLL (what we call a "regression"), please report it to the Cygwin -mailing list (see https://cygwin.com/problems.html for problem +mailing list (see https://cygwin.com/problems.html for problem reporting guidelines). If you wish to go back to the older version of the DLL, again, close all Cygwin processes, delete C:\cygwin\bin\cygwin1.dll, and @@ -536,8 +536,8 @@ rename C:\cygwin\bin\cygwin1-prev.dll back to C:\cygwin). To restore the rest of the snapshot files, reinstall the "cygwin" package using Setup.

      2.22.

      Can Cygwin Setup maintain a ``mirror''?

      NO. Cygwin Setup cannot do this for you. Use a tool designed for -this purpose. See http://rsync.samba.org/, -http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/ for utilities that can do this for you. +this purpose. See https://rsync.samba.org/, +https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/ for utilities that can do this for you. For more information on setting up a custom Cygwin package server, see the Cygwin Setup homepage at https://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html. @@ -566,20 +566,20 @@ list what man pages the package includes.) Some older packages still keep their documentation in /usr/doc/ instead of /usr/share/doc/.

      There are links to quite a lot of documentation on the main Cygwin -project web page, https://cygwin.com/, including this FAQ. +project web page, https://cygwin.com/, including this FAQ. Be sure to at least read any 'Release Notes' or 'Readme' or 'read this' links on the main web page, if there are any.

      There is a comprehensive Cygwin User's Guide at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/cygwin-ug-net.html +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/cygwin-ug-net.html and an API Reference at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-api/cygwin-api.html. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-api/cygwin-api.html.

      You can find documentation for the individual GNU tools at -http://www.fsf.org/manual/. (You should read GNU manuals from +https://www.gnu.org/manual/. (You should read GNU manuals from a local mirror, check -http://www.fsf.org/server/list-mirrors.html for a list of them.) +https://www.gnu.org/server/mirror.html for a list of them.)

      3.2.

      What Cygwin mailing lists can I join?

      Comprehensive information about the Cygwin mailing lists can be found at -https://cygwin.com/lists.html. -

      3.3.

      What if I have a problem? (Or: Why won't you/the mailing list answer my questions?)

      Comprehensive information about reporting problems with Cygwin can be found at https://cygwin.com/problems.html. +https://cygwin.com/lists.html. +

      3.3.

      What if I have a problem? (Or: Why won't you/the mailing list answer my questions?)

      Comprehensive information about reporting problems with Cygwin can be found at https://cygwin.com/problems.html.

      4. Using Cygwin

      4.1. Why can't my application locate cygncurses-8.dll? or cygintl-3.dll? or cygreadline6.dll? or ...?
      4.2. Starting a new terminal window is slow. What's going on?
      4.3. Why is Cygwin suddenly so slow?
      4.4. Why can't my services access network shares?
      4.5. How should I set my PATH?
      4.6. Bash (or another shell) says "command not found", but it's right there!
      4.7. How do I convert between Windows and UNIX paths?
      4.8. Why doesn't bash read my .bashrc file on startup?
      4.9. How can I get bash filename completion to be case insensitive?
      4.10. Can I use paths/filenames containing spaces in them?
      4.11. Why can't I cd into a shortcut to a directory?
      4.12. I'm having basic problems with find. Why?
      4.13. Why doesn't su work?
      4.14. Why doesn't man -k, apropos or whatis work?
      4.15. Why doesn't chmod work?
      4.16. Why doesn't my shell script work?
      4.17. How do I print under Cygwin?
      4.18. Why don't international (Unicode) characters work?
      4.19. My application prints international characters but I only see gray boxes
      4.20. Is it OK to have multiple copies of the DLL?
      4.21. @@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ installed. Scroll down to locate the missing package, for instance ``Reinstall''. Continue with the installation.

      For a detailed explanation of the general problem, and how to extend it to other missing DLLs and identify their containing packages, see -https://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-01/msg01619.html. +https://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2002-01/msg01619.html.

      4.2.

      Starting a new terminal window is slow. What's going on?

      There are many possible causes for this.

      If your terminal windows suddenly began starting slowly after a Cygwin upgrade, it may indicate issues in the authentication setup.

      For almost all its lifetime, Cygwin has used Unix-like @@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ group: files db

      This will limit the need for Cygwin to contact the AD d controller (DC) while still allowing for additional information to be retrieved from DC, such as when listing remote directories.

    3. Either in addition to the previous item or instead of it, you - can run cygserver + can run cygserver as a local caching service to speed up DC requests.

      Cygwin programs will check with cygserver before trying to query the DC directly.

    4. A less preferable option is to create a static read-only cache of the authentication data. This is the old-fashioned method of @@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ group: files db

      This will limit the need for Cygwin to contact the AD d group: files

      By leaving out the db option, we are telling the Cygwin DLL not to even try to do AD lookups. If your AD servers are slow, this local cache will speed things up. The - downside is that you open yourself up to the stale cache + downside is that you open yourself up to the stale cache problem: any time the AD databases change, your local cache will go out of date until you update the files manually.

    If none of the above helps, the best troubleshooting method is to run your startup scripts in debug mode. Right-click your Cygwin Terminal @@ -679,7 +679,7 @@ will slow things down tremendously if it does not exist. (sshd, inetd, etc), then it depends on the method used to switch to another user. This problem as well as its solution is described in detail in the Cygwin User's Guide, see -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html.

    Workarounds include using public network share that does not require authentication (for non-critical files), providing your password to a net use command, or running the service as your own @@ -801,7 +801,7 @@ for memory cards or USB sticks to exchange pictures...

    For other cases, understand that Cygwin attempts to show UNIX permissions based on the security features of Windows, so the Windows ACLs are likely the source of your problem. See the Cygwin User's -Guide at https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html +Guide at https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/ntsec.html for more information on how Cygwin maps Windows permissions.

    4.16.

    Why doesn't my shell script work?

    There are two basic problems you might run into. One is the fact that /bin/sh is really bash. @@ -830,11 +830,11 @@ idiom under the mount point as executable. This can be used for individual files as well as directories. Then Cygwin will not bother to read files to determine whether they are executable. -

    4.17.

    How do I print under Cygwin?

    lpr is available in the cygutils package. Some usage hints are available courtesy of Rodrigo Medina. +

    4.17.

    How do I print under Cygwin?

    lpr is available in the cygutils package. Some usage hints are available courtesy of Rodrigo Medina.

    Jason Tishler has written a couple of messages that explain how to use a2ps (for nicely formatted text in PostScript) and ghostscript (to print PostScript files on non-PostScript Windows printers). Start at -https://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-04/msg00657.html. Note that +https://cygwin.com/ml/cygwin/2001-04/msg00657.html. Note that these are old mails and a2ps as well as file are long available as part of the Cygwin distribution.

    Alternatively, you can use the Windows print @@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ formfeed character to your file.

    4.18.

    Why don't international (Unicode) characters work?

    Internationalization is a complex issue. The short answer is that Cygwin relies on the setting of the setting of LANG/LC_xxx environment variables. The long answer can be found in the User's Guide in the -section Internationalization +section Internationalization

    Cygwin uses UTF-8 by default. To use a different character set, you need to set the LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE or LANG environment variables.

    4.19.

    My application prints international characters but I only see gray boxes

    In the case of Cygwin programs, this likely means that the @@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ mixing executables of different Cygwin installations, this could also happen if you have one a single Cygwin installation, for example, if you update the Cygwin package without exiting all Cygwin apps (including services like sshd) beforehand.

    The only DLL that is sanctioned by the Cygwin project is the one that -you get by running setup-x86.exe or setup-x86_64.exe, +you get by running setup-x86.exe or setup-x86_64.exe, installed in a directory controlled by this program. If you have other versions on your system and desire help from the cygwin project, you should delete or rename all DLLs that are not installed by @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ contributing it for others to use)

    4.22.

    Can I bundle Cygwin with my product for free?

    -Only if you comply with Cygwin's license very carefully. If you +Only if you comply with Cygwin's license very carefully. If you choose to distribute cygwin1.dll, you must be willing to distribute the exact source code used to build that copy of cygwin1.dll as per the terms of the GPL. If you ship applications that link with cygwin1.dll, @@ -932,7 +932,7 @@ installed distribution.

    4.24.

    Why isn't package XYZ available in Cygwin?

    Probably because there is nobody willing or able to maintain it. It takes time, and the priority for the Cygwin Team is the Cygwin package. The rest is a volunteer effort. Want to contribute? See -https://cygwin.com/setup.html. +https://cygwin.com/setup.html.

    4.25.

    Why is the Cygwin package of XYZ so out of date?

    (Also: Why is the version of package XYZ older than the version that I can download from the XYZ web site? Why is the version of package XYZ older than the version that I installed on my linux system? Is there @@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ The mount command will only add the mount point for the lifetime of your current Cygwin session.

    You can change the default cygdrive prefix and whether it is binmode or textmode using the /etc/fstab file as well. See the Cygwin User's Guide at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#mount-table +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#mount-table for more details.

    4.27.

    How can I copy and paste into Cygwin console windows?

    First, consider using mintty instead of the standard console window. In mintty, selecting with the left-mouse also copies, @@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ throughout. Sadly the mailing list archives are littered with examples of poorly written firewall-type software that causes things to break. Note that with many of these products, simply disabling the firewall does not remove these changes; it must be completely uninstalled. -

    See also https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.bloda +

    See also https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.bloda for a list of applications that have been known, at one time or another, to interfere with the normal functioning of Cygwin.

    4.29.

    How can I share files between Unix and Windows?

    During development, we have Linux boxes running Samba and NFS as well @@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ configuration fails.

    To help with this problem, Cygwin supports case sensitivity starting with Cygwin 1.7.0. For a detailed description how to use that feature see the Cygwin User's Guilde at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html. +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html.

    4.31.

    What about DOS special filenames?

    In Windows, files cannot be named com1, lpt1, or aux (to name a few); either as the root filename or as the extension part. If you do, you'll have trouble. Unix programs don't avoid these names which can make things @@ -1054,7 +1054,7 @@ letters 'aux' in it will hang.

    At least that's what happens when using native Windows tools. Cygwin 1.7.0 and later can deal with these filenames just fine. Again, see the User's Guide at -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-specialnames.html for a detailed description of what's possible with filenames and what is not.

    4.32.

    When it hangs, how do I get it back?

    If something goes wrong and the tools hang on you for some reason (easy to do if you try and read a file called aux.sh), first try hitting ^C to @@ -1114,7 +1114,7 @@ software completely, it may be possible to specify directories whose contents are exempt from scanning. In a default installation, this would be C:\cygwin\bin. Obviously, this could be exploited by a hostile non-Cygwin program, so do this at your own risk. -

    See also https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.bloda +

    See also https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.bloda for a list of applications that have been known, at one time or another, to interfere with the normal functioning of Cygwin.

    4.35.

    Is there a Cygwin port of GNU Emacs?

    Yes. Install the emacs package. This provides everything you @@ -1151,7 +1151,7 @@ file:

    Note that the 0775 can be anything as long as the 0010 bit is set.

    Alternatively, use Windows shortcuts as symlinks. See the CYGWIN environment variable option "winsymlinks" -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygwinenv.html

    4.39.

    How do I setup sshd in a domain?

    If you want to be able to logon with domain accounts to a domain member machine, you should make sure that the "cyg_server" account under which @@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ non-English versions of Windows. You might also want to use a domain group instead of a local group if your site uses Windows domains. For example, you might want to use the Domain Users group instead.

    For more information on setfacl, see -https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#setfacl

    4.41.

    Why is my .rhosts file not recognized by rlogin anymore after updating to Cygwin 1.7.34?

    The problem is exactly the same as with the key files of SSH. See +https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-utils.html#setfacl

    4.41.

    Why is my .rhosts file not recognized by rlogin anymore after updating to Cygwin 1.7.34?

    The problem is exactly the same as with the key files of SSH. See Q: 4.40.

    The solution is the same:

       $ ls -l .rhosts
   -rw-rw----+ 1 user group 42 Nov 12  2010 .rhosts
@@ -1309,7 +1309,7 @@ Unless this has already been done on your machine, your machine is not
 IPv6-capable and that's why you see the "Address family not supported"
 error message.  Note, however, that the IPv6 stack on these systems
 don't fully support all features of IPv6.
    For more information about IPv6 on Windows and how to install the
-IPv6 stack, see the Microsoft TechNet IPv6 FAQ article
+IPv6 stack, see the Microsoft TechNet IPv6 FAQ article
 
    4.45.
    What applications have been found to interfere with Cygwin?
    From time to time, people have reported strange failures and problems in
 Cygwin and Cygwin packages that seem to have no rational explanation.  Among
 the most common symptoms they report are fork failures, memory leaks, and file
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ often implements its functions by installing hooks into various parts of the sys
 including both the Explorer shell and the underlying kernel.  Sometimes these hooks
 are not implemented in an entirely transparent fashion, and cause changes in the
 behaviour which affect the operation of other programs, such as Cygwin.
-
    Among the software that has been found to cause difficulties are:
    • Sonic Solutions burning software containing DLA component (when DLA disabled)
    • Norton/McAfee/Symantec antivirus or antispyware
    • Logitech webcam software with "Logitech process monitor" service
    • Kerio, Agnitum or ZoneAlarm Personal Firewall
    • Iolo System Mechanic/AntiVirus/Firewall
    • LanDesk
    • Windows Defender 
    • Various programs by Wave Systems Corp using wxvault.dll, including Embassy Trust Suite and Embassy Security Center
    • NOD32 Antivirus
    • ByteMobile laptop optimization client
    • Earthlink Total-Access
    • Spybot S&D TeaTimer
    • AR Soft RAM Disk
    • ATI Catalyst (some versions)
    • NVIDIA GeForce (some versions)
    • Windows LiveOneCare
    • Webroot Spy Sweeper with Antivirus
    • COMODO Firewall Pro
    • PC Tools Spyware Doctor
    • Avira AntiVir
    • Panda Internet Security
    • BitDefender
    • Google Desktop
    • Sophos Anti-Virus 7
    • Bufferzone from Trustware
    • Lenovo IPS Core Service (ipssvc)
    • Lenovo RapidBoot Shield
    • Credant Guardian Shield
    • AVAST (disable FILESYSTEM and BEHAVIOR realtime shields)
    • Citrix Metaframe Presentation Server/XenApp (see Citrix Support page)
    • Lavasoft Web Companion
    • Forefront TMG
    • MacType
    Sometimes these problems can be worked around, by temporarily or partially
+
    Among the software that has been found to cause difficulties are:
    • Sonic Solutions burning software containing DLA component (when DLA disabled)
    • Norton/McAfee/Symantec antivirus or antispyware
    • Logitech webcam software with "Logitech process monitor" service
    • Kerio, Agnitum or ZoneAlarm Personal Firewall
    • Iolo System Mechanic/AntiVirus/Firewall
    • LanDesk
    • Windows Defender 
    • Various programs by Wave Systems Corp using wxvault.dll, including Embassy Trust Suite and Embassy Security Center
    • NOD32 Antivirus
    • ByteMobile laptop optimization client
    • Earthlink Total-Access
    • Spybot S&D TeaTimer
    • AR Soft RAM Disk
    • ATI Catalyst (some versions)
    • NVIDIA GeForce (some versions)
    • Windows LiveOneCare
    • Webroot Spy Sweeper with Antivirus
    • COMODO Firewall Pro
    • PC Tools Spyware Doctor
    • Avira AntiVir
    • Panda Internet Security
    • BitDefender
    • Google Desktop
    • Sophos Anti-Virus 7
    • Bufferzone from Trustware
    • Lenovo IPS Core Service (ipssvc)
    • Lenovo RapidBoot Shield
    • Credant Guardian Shield
    • AVAST (disable FILESYSTEM and BEHAVIOR realtime shields)
    • Citrix Metaframe Presentation Server/XenApp (see Citrix Support page)
    • Lavasoft Web Companion
    • Forefront TMG
    • MacType
    Sometimes these problems can be worked around, by temporarily or partially
 disabling the offending software.  For instance, it may be possible to disable
 on-access scanning in your antivirus, or configure it to ignore files under the
 Cygwin installation root.  Often, unfortunately, this is not possible; even disabling
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ such as virtual memory paging and file caching.
    Please note that installing new packages or updating existing
   ones undoes the effects of rebaseall and often causes fork() failures
   to reappear. If so, just run rebaseall again.
-  
    See the 
+  
    See the 
   process creation section of the User's Guide for the technical reasons it is so
   difficult to make fork() work reliably.
    5. Cygwin API Questions
    5.1. How does everything work?
    5.2. Are development snapshots for the Cygwin library available?
    5.3. How is the DOS/Unix CR/LF thing handled?
    5.4. Is the Cygwin library multi-thread-safe?
    5.5. How is fork() implemented?
    5.6. How does wildcarding (globbing) work?
    5.7. How do symbolic links work?
    5.8. Why do some files, which are not executables have the 'x' type.
    5.9. How secure is Cygwin in a multi-user environment?
    5.10. How do the net-related functions work?
    5.11. I don't want Unix sockets, how do I use normal Win32 winsock?
    5.12. What version numbers are associated with Cygwin?
    5.13. Why isn't timezone set correctly?
    5.14. Is there a mouse interface?
    5.1.
    How does everything work?
    There's a C library which provides a POSIX-style API.  The
 applications are linked with it and voila - they run on Windows.
@@ -1383,7 +1383,7 @@ is going on).  They are only intended for those people who wish to
 contribute code to the project.  If you aren't going to be happy
 debugging problems in a buggy snapshot, avoid these and wait for a real
 release.  The snapshots are available from
-https://cygwin.com/snapshots/.
+https://cygwin.com/snapshots/.
 
    5.3.
    How is the DOS/Unix CR/LF thing handled?
    Let's start with some background.
 
    On POSIX systems, a file is a file and what the file contains is
 whatever the program/programmer/user told it to put into it.  In Windows,
@@ -1567,29 +1567,29 @@ error?
    6.11. Why the unde
 volunteers to prepare and maintain packages, because the priority of the
 Cygwin Team is Cygwin itself.
 
    The Cygwin Package Contributor's Guide at
-https://cygwin.com/setup.html details everything you need to know
+https://cygwin.com/setup.html details everything you need to know
 about being a package maintainer. The quickest way to get started is to
 read the Initial packaging procedure, script-based section on
 that page.  The generic-build-script found there works well for
 most packages. 
 
    For questions about package maintenance, use the cygwin-apps mailing
-list (start at https://cygwin.com/lists.html) after
+list (start at https://cygwin.com/lists.html) after
 searching and browsing the cygwin-apps list archives, of course.  Be
 sure to look at the Submitting a package checklist at
-https://cygwin.com/setup.html before sending an ITP (Intent To
+https://cygwin.com/setup.html before sending an ITP (Intent To
 Package) email to cygwin-apps.
 
    You should also announce your intentions to the general cygwin list, in
 case others were thinking the same thing.
 
    6.2.
    How do I contribute to Cygwin?
    If you want to contribute to Cygwin itself, see
-https://cygwin.com/contrib.html.
+https://cygwin.com/contrib.html.
 
    6.3.
    Why are compiled executables so huge?!?
    By default, gcc compiles in all symbols.  You'll also find that gcc
 creates large executables on UNIX.
 
    If that bothers you, just use the 'strip' program, part of the binutils
 package.  Or compile with the -s option to gcc.
 
    6.4.
    What do I have to look out for when porting applications to 64 bit Cygwin?
    The Cygwin x86_64 toolchain is using the
-LP64
+LP64
 data model.  That means, in contrast to Windows, which uses an
-LLP64
+LLP64
 data model, sizeof(long) != sizeof(int), just as on Linux.
    For comparison:
                      Cygwin   Windows  Cygwin
                  Linux    x86_64   Linux
@@ -1780,7 +1780,7 @@ would be difficult.
 package; resulting binaries will depend on the libobjc2
 package at runtime.
 
    6.9.
    Why does my make fail on Cygwin with an execvp error? 
    Beware of using non-portable shell features in your Makefiles (see tips
-at https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.shell-scripts).
+at https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.using.shell-scripts).
 
    Errors of make: execvp: /bin/sh: Illegal Argument or 
 make: execvp: /bin/sh: Argument list too long are often
 caused by the command-line being to long for the Windows execution model.
@@ -1801,12 +1801,12 @@ cd /bin; for f in `find . -type f -name '*.exe'`; do
 	cygcheck $f | (fgrep -qi cygwin1.dll || echo $f)
 done
 
    
-See https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#mount-table 
+See https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#mount-table 
 for more information on using mount.
 
    6.10.
    How can I use IPC, or why do I get a Bad system call
 error?
    
 Try running cygserver.  Read 
-https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygserver.html. If you're
+https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using-cygserver.html. If you're
 trying to use PostgreSQL, also read 
 /usr/share/doc/Cygwin/postgresql-*.README.
 
    6.11.
    Why the undefined reference to WinMain@16?
    If you're using gcc, try adding an empty main() function to one
@@ -1843,9 +1843,9 @@ including user32, gdi32 and comdlg32.
 or at least after all the object files and static libraries that reference them.
 
    Note
    There are a few restrictions for calls to the Win32 API.
 For details, see the User's Guide section
-Restricted Win32 environment,
+Restricted Win32 environment,
 as well as the User's Guide section
-Using the Win32 file API in Cygwin applications.
    6.13.
    How do I compile a Win32 executable that doesn't use Cygwin?
    The compilers provided by the mingw-gcc,
+Using the Win32 file API in Cygwin applications.
    6.13.
    How do I compile a Win32 executable that doesn't use Cygwin?
    The compilers provided by the mingw-gcc,
 mingw64-i686-gcc, and mingw64-x86_64-gcc
 packages link against standard Microsoft DLLs instead of Cygwin. This is
 desirable for native Windows programs that don't need a UNIX emulation layer.
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ statically link with a Cygwin library to obtain an independent,
 self-contained executable.
 
    If this is an issue because you intend to distribute your Cygwin
 application, then you had better read and understand
-https://cygwin.com/licensing.html, which explains the licensing
+https://cygwin.com/licensing.html, which explains the licensing
 options.  Unless you purchase a special commercial license from Red
 Hat, then your Cygwin application must be Open Source.
 
    6.15.
    Can I link with both MSVCRT*.DLL and cygwin1.dll?
    No, you must use one or the other, they are mutually exclusive.
@@ -1881,7 +1881,7 @@ code links against the Cygwin dll (and if your program is calling
 functions from Cygwin, it must, as a matter of fact, be linked against
 it), you must apply the GPL to your source as well.  Of course, this
 only matters if you plan to distribute your program in binary form.  For
-more information, see http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html.  If
+more information, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html.  If
 that is not a problem, read on.
 
    If you want to load the DLL dynamically, read
 winsup/cygwin/how-cygtls-works.txt and the sample code in
@@ -1971,7 +1971,7 @@ which requires the dblatex,
 xmlto packages.  For more information on building the
 documentation, see the README included in the cygwin-doc package.
 
    Next, get the Cygwin source.  Ideally, you should check out what you
-need from GIT (https://cygwin.com/git.html).  This is the
+need from GIT (https://cygwin.com/git.html).  This is the
 preferred method for acquiring the sources.  Otherwise,
 if you are trying to duplicate a cygwin release then you should download the
 corresponding source package
@@ -2008,9 +2008,9 @@ operation e.g. when checking a pointer is valid)
 It is also a good
 idea to use the latest code in case the bug has been fixed, so we
 recommend trying the latest snapshot from
-https://cygwin.com/snapshots/ or building the DLL from git.
+https://cygwin.com/snapshots/ or building the DLL from git.
 
    To build a debugging version of the Cygwin DLL, you will need to follow
-the instructions at https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.programming.building-cygwin.
+the instructions at https://cygwin.com/faq/faq.html#faq.programming.building-cygwin.
 
    
 You can also contact the mailing list for pointers (a simple test case that 
 demonstrates the bug is always welcome).  
@@ -2019,7 +2019,7 @@ support semantics and args have been designed for x86 so you would need
 to write specific support for your platform.  We don't know of any other
 incompatibilities. Please send us patches if you do this work!
 
    6.24.
    How can I adjust the heap/stack size of an application?
    If you need to change the maximum amount of memory available to Cygwin, see
-https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html. Otherwise,
+https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html. Otherwise,
 just pass heap/stack linker arguments to gcc.  To create foo.exe with
 a heap size of 200MB and a stack size of 8MB, you would invoke
 gcc as:
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ gcc as:
 
    cygcheck will do this much more concisely, and operates
 recursively, provided the command is in your path.
 
    6.26.
    How do I build a DLL?
    There's documentation that explains the process in the Cygwin User's
-Guide here: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/dll.html.
+Guide here: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/dll.html.
 
    6.27.
    How can I set a breakpoint at MainCRTStartup?
    (Please note: This section has not yet been updated for the latest net release.)
 
    Set a breakpoint at *0x401000 in gdb and then run the program in
 question.
@@ -2128,5 +2128,5 @@ command for the plugins.
    For other build systems, the following steps are
 -Wl,--export-all-symbols,--out-implib,libfoo.exe.a
 linker flag, where foo represents the name of the
 executable.
  • The plugins must be linked with a -Wl,/path/to/libfoo.exe.a
-linker flag.
    • 7. Copyright
    7.1. What are the copyrights?
    7.1.
    What are the copyrights?
    Please see https://cygwin.com/licensing.html
+linker flag.
    7. Copyright
    7.1. What are the copyrights?
    7.1.
    What are the copyrights?
    Please see https://cygwin.com/licensing.html
       for more information about Cygwin copyright and licensing.
    
diff --git a/git.html b/git.html
index 7fee05d..2678b40 100755
--- a/git.html
+++ b/git.html
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 
    The sources to the core Cygwin libraries and utilities (Cygwin and
 Newlib) are available via anonymous GIT access.  If you don't know
-what GIT is, visit the GIT home page.
+what GIT is, visit the GIT home page.
 Coincidentally enough, GIT comes with the Cygwin net release.
    
 
 
    To access the repository from your system, use one of the following
diff --git a/goldstars/index.html b/goldstars/index.html
index 1fe9a4f..162ae1c 100644
--- a/goldstars/index.html
+++ b/goldstars/index.html
@@ -27,613 +27,613 @@ circumstances in which it was awarded.