src-gpl/last.1

   1 .\"{{{}}}
   2 .\"{{{  Title
   3 .TH LAST,LASTB 1 "Jul 29, 1999" "" "Linux System Administrator's Manual"
   4 .\"}}}
   5 .\"{{{  Name
   6 .SH NAME
   7 last, lastb \- show listing of last logged in users
   8 .\"}}}
   9 .\"{{{  Synopsis
  10 .SH SYNOPSIS
  11 .B last
  12 .RB [ \-R ]
  13 .RB [ \-\fInum\fP ]
  14 .RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]"
  15 .RB [ \-adiox ]
  16 .RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]"
  17 .RI [ name... ]
  18 .RI [ tty... ]
  19 .br
  20 .B lastb
  21 .RB [ \-R ]
  22 .RB [ \-\fInum\fP ]
  23 .RB "[ \-\fBn\fP \fInum\fP ]"
  24 .RB "[ \-\fBf\fP \fIfile\fP ]"
  25 .RB [ \-adiox ]
  26 .RI [ name... ]
  27 .RI [ tty... ]
  28 .\"}}}
  29 .\"{{{  Description
  30 .SH DESCRIPTION
  31 .B Last
  32 searches back through the file \fB/var/log/wtmp\fP (or the file
  33 designated by the \fB\-f\fP flag) and displays a list of all
  34 users logged in (and out) since that file was created.  Names of users
  35 and tty's can be given, in which case \fBlast\fP will show only those entries
  36 matching the arguments.  Names of ttys can be abbreviated, thus \fBlast
  37 0\fP is the same as \fBlast tty0\fP.
  38 .PP
  39 When \fBlast\fP catches a \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal (generated by the interrupt key,
  40 usually control-C) or a \s-2SIGQUIT\s0 signal (generated by the quit key,
  41 usually control-\e), \fBlast\fP will show how far it has searched through the
  42 file; in the case of the \s-2SIGINT\s0 signal \fBlast\fP will then terminate.
  43 .PP
  44 The pseudo user \fBreboot\fP logs in each time the system is rebooted.
  45 Thus \fBlast reboot\fP will show a log of all reboots since the log file
  46 was created.
  47 .PP
  48 \fBLastb\fP is the same as \fBlast\fP, except that by default it shows a log
  49 of the file \fB/var/log/btmp\fP, which contains all the bad login attempts.
  50 .\"}}}
  51 .\"{{{  Options
  52 .SH OPTIONS
  53 .IP \fB\-\fP\fInum\fP
  54 This is a count telling \fBlast\fP how many lines to show.
  55 .IP "\fB\-n\fP \fInum\fP"
  56 The same.
  57 .IP \fB\-R\fP
  58 Suppresses the display of the hostname field.
  59 .IP \fB\-a\fP
  60 Display the hostname in the last column. Useful in combination
  61 with the next flag.
  62 .IP \fB\-d\fP
  63 For non-local logins, Linux stores not only the host name of the remote
  64 host but its IP number as well. This option translates the IP number
  65 back into a hostname.
  66 .IP \fB\-i\fP
  67 This option is like \fB-d\fP in that it displays the IP number of the remote
  68 host, but it displays the IP number in numbers-and-dots notation.
  69 .IP \fB\-o\fP
  70 Read an old-type wtmp file (written by linux-libc5 applications).
  71 .IP \fB\-x\fP
  72 Display the system shutdown entries and run level changes.
  73 .\"}}}
  74 .SH NOTES
  75 The files \fIwtmp\fP and \fIbtmp\fP might not be found. The system only
  76 logs information in these files if they are present. This is a local
  77 configuration issue. If you want the files to be used, they can be
  78 created with a simple \fBtouch\fP(1) command (for example,
  79 \fItouch /var/log/wtmp\fP).
  80 .\"{{{  Files
  81 .SH FILES
  82 /var/log/wtmp
  83 .br
  84 /var/log/btmp
  85 .\"}}}
  86 .\"{{{  Author
  87 .SH AUTHOR
  88 Miquel van Smoorenburg, miquels@cistron.nl
  89 .\"}}}
  90 .\"{{{  See also
  91 .SH "SEE ALSO"
  92 .BR shutdown (8),
  93 .BR login (1),
  94 .BR init (8)
  95 .\"}}}